| Gene | T10P11.15 |
| Identification | LUMINIDEPENDENS |
| Position: | 82697 to 87602, from the 5'-UTR through the CDS to the 3'-UTR |
| Strand | + |
| EST match | none |
| Database match | LD gene from A. thaliana cv Wassilewskija |
Mutations in the LUMINIDEPENDENS (LD) gene confer a late-flowering phenotype, indicating that LD normally functions to promote the floral transition in Arabidopsis. ld mutants respond normally to changes in photoperiod, and LD mRNA abundance is not affected by these same treatments, suggesting that LD belongs to the autonomous pathway of floral promotion. Several key features of the LD protein, including a putative homeodomain, a glutamine-rich domain, and two bipartite consensus nuclear localization motifs, indicate that LD may function as a transcriptional regulatory protein. We have demonstrated that LD is localized to the nucleus, consistent with its proposed transcriptional regulatory role. The LD transcript accumulates prior to flowering in the vegetative shoot apical meristem (SAM) and after flowering in floral meristems. LD is also expressed in the root meristem of seedlings and in young leaf primordia, but not in mature leaves. LD most likely functions in the SAM to promote flowering; however, we cannot at this point rule out young leaf primordia or roots as a source of LD-derived floral promotion signals. For an extensive discussion on this gene and its role in flowering, please see the article by Lee, et al. (1994 Plant Cell 6:75-83).
The above was kindly provided by Milo Aukerman in the laboratory of Rick Amasino - 16 Oct 97.
The LD gene products of cv Columbia and cv WS are 100% identical, but, interestingly, there are differences in the organization of the LD exons. Columbia exon 4 is split into two exons in WS; while Columbia exons 11 and 12 are joined as a single exon in WS. Thus, the total number of exons in the LD gene is conserved in the two cultivars.
mRNA: Based on a comparison to LD cDNA U03456, the 5'-UTR extends from position 82697 to 82841 and the 3'-UTR resides from position 87439 to 87602.
CDS: The table below lists the 13 exons of LD, their coordinates within the BAC, and which exon-finding program(s) predicted the 5' or 3' terminus of that exon (GF = GeneFinder, GS = GenScan, Gr = Grail, M = MZEF, Fe = FEXA, Fg = FGENEA, NPG = NetPlantGene - selects termini only, not exons). The exon coordinates were delineated by a comparison to the published cDNA sequence.
| Exon | Range | 5' | 3' |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 82842 to 83006 | GF, GS, Gr, Fg, Fe | GS, Gr, Fe, NPG |
| 2 | 83300 to 83327 | GF, GS, Gr, Fe, NPG | GS, Gr |
| 3 | 83481 to 83611 | GS, M, Gr, Fg, Fe, NPG | GF, GS, M, Gr, Fg, Fe, NPG |
| 4 | 83741 to 84108 | GF, GS, M, Gr, Fg, NPG | GF, GS, M, Fg, NPG |
| 5 | 84203 to 84296 | GF, GS, M, NPG | GF, GS, M, NPG |
| 6 | 84381 to 84474 | GS, Gr, NPG | NPG |
| 7 | 84572 to 84701 | NPG | NPG |
| 8 | 84797 to 84830 | GS, M, Gr, NPG | GS, M, Gr, NPG |
| 9 | 84906 to 84949 | GF, M, Gr, Fg, NPG | GF, M, Gr, Fg, NPG |
| 10 | 85039 to 85127 | GF, Gr, NPG | GF, Gr, NPG |
| 11 | 85363 to 85959 | GF, NPG | GF, GS, M, Gr, NPG |
| 12 | 86095 to 86609 | GF, GS, M, Gr, NPG | GF, GS, Gr, NPG |
| 13 | 86866 to 87438 | GF, GS, M, Gr, NPG | GF, GS, Gr |
Complete CDS of LD
ATGGACGCGTTCAAGGAGGAGATAGAAATCGGGAGCTCGGTGGAGTCTTTAATGGAGCTA TTGGATTCGCAGAAGGTGCTTTTTCATAGCCAGATCGATCAGCTCCAAGATGTCGTCGTT GCGCAATGCAAACTTACCGGCGTTAATCCCCTTGCGCAAGAAATGGCTGCTGGTGCTTTG TCCATTAAAATTGGAAAGCGGCCAAGAGACTTGTTGAATCCTAAGGCTGTTAAGTATCTA CAAGCAGTTTTCGCAATTAAAGATGCTATTAGTAAGAGGGAATCTCGGGAGATAAGTGCT TTATTTGGCATCACAGTCGCCCAGGTTCGAGAATTTTTTGTTACTCAAAAGACAAGAGTG AGGAAACAGGTGAGGCTTTCAAGGGAGAAAGTAGTTATGTCCAATACGCATGCTTTACAA GATGATGGTGTTCCGGAAAATAACAATGCCACAAATCATGTTGAACCCGTTCCCTTGAAC TCTATACATCCGGAGGCATGTTCTATAAGCTGGGGTGAAGGTGAAACAGTGGCACTTATT CCACCTGAAGATATTCCACCTGACATCAGCGATTCAGACAAATACTTTGTTGAGAATATA TTTTCTCTGCTGCGTAAAGAGGAAACATTTTCAGGCCAGGTGAAACTAATGGAGTGGATC ATGCAGATACAAGATGCTTCTGTGCTGATCTGGTTTTTATCAAAAGGAGGGGTTTTGATA CTTACAACATGGTTAAGTCAAGCTGCTAGTGAAGAGCAAACAAGTGTCTTACTTCTTATC CTGAAGGTTCTTTGTCATTTACCTCTCCACAAAGCATCTCCTGAAAATATGTCTGCCATA TTACAAAGCGTTAATGGACTTCGTTTCTATAGGATATCAGACATATCAAACAGGGCAAAA GGTTTGTTATCAAGGTGGACCAAGTTATTTGCGAAAATCCAAGCTATGAAGAAACAAAAT CGTAACAGTTCGCAAATTGATTCGCAGAGTCAATTGCTTCTGAAACAGAGTATTGCTGAA ATCATGGGTGATAGTAGCAATCCTGAAGATATTCTTAGTCTCTCAAATGGAAAGTCAGAG AATGTCAGGAGGATTGAATCGTCACAGGGTCCAAAACTGTTGCTTACTTCTGCAGATGAT TCCACCAAGAAACACATGCTTGGTTCAAATCCATCGTATAACAAAGAACGCAGGAAAGTA CAGATGGTGGAACAACCAGGCCAAAAAGCTGCTGGAAAGAGTCCGCAGACAGTAAGAATA GGAACTTCAGGTCGAAGCCGCCCAATGTCTGCTGATGATATTCAGAAAGCAAAGATGCGT GCCCTTTATATGCAGAGCAAGAACAGTAAAAAGGATCCTTTACCAAGTGCCATTGGTGAT TCGAAAATCGTTGCTCCTGAGAAGCCCTTGGCTCTTCATTCAGCCAAGGATTCTCCACCT ATTCAGAACAATGAAGCTAAGACTGAAGACACACCTGTACTCTCGACTGTTCAGCCCGTC AATGGATTTTCAACTATTCAGCCCGTCAATGGACCTTCAGCTGTTCAGCCCGTCAATGGA CCTTTGGCTGTTCAGCCTGTCAATGGACCTTCGGCTCTTCAGCCCGTCAATGGACCTTCG GCCGTAATTGTCCCGGTACAAGCTGATGAAATTAAAAAACCTTCAACACCTCCTAAAAGC ATTTCTAGTAAGGTGGGAGTTATGATGAAAATGAGTTCACAAACTATTCTCAAGAATTGC AAGAGAAAACAGATTGATTGGCATGTACCACCAGGAATGGAACTTGACGAACTCTGGAGA GTAGCCGCTGGTGGTAATAGCAAGGAGGCTGATGTTCAGAGAAACAGAAACCGGCGAGAA AGAGAAACAACATATCAGTCTCTTCAAACTATACCGTTGAACCCTAAAGAACCATGGGAT AGGGAAATGGACTATGATGACAGTTTGACCCCTGAAATTCCATCTCAACAGCCACCAGAA GAAAGTTTAACGGAACCACAGGATTCACTTGATGAACGAAGAATTGCTGCTGGTGCTGCC ACAACCTCTTCATCTCTAAGCAGTCCTGAACCTGATCTCGAGTTATTAGCTGCGTTACTT AAGAACCCAGATCTTGTTTATGCACTAACTTCGGGAAAACCCAGTAATTTAGCCGGCCAA GATATGGTAAAACTGCTTGATGTGATTAAGACTGGTGCACCAAACTCAAGCAGTAGCTCA AATAAACAGGTTGAAGAAAGGGTCGAAGTTTCCCTTCCATCTCCCACTCCATCAACTAAT CCTGGAATGAGTGGATGGGGACAAGAAGGGATTCGGAATCCATTTTCAAGGCAAAACCAA GTTGGTACTGCAGTTGCTAGATCGGGTACACAGCTTCGTGTTGGTTCAATGCAATGGCAT CAAACAAATGAACAATCAATCCCACGACATGCTCCATCAGCATACAGTAACTCGATCACA TTGGCTCACACAGAAAGAGAACAGCAACAATATATGCAACCAAAACTTCATCACAATTTA CATTTTCAACAACAACAACAACAACCAATCTCAACAACCTCGTATGCAGTTAGGGAACCA GTAGGACAAATGGGAACAGGTACATCGAGTTCATGGAGGAGTCAGCAGAGTCAGAACAGT TACTACTCACATCAAGAAAACGAGATTGCATCGGCTTCACAAGTTACTTCATACCAAGGG AATAGCCAGTACATGAGTAGCAATCCAGGATATGAATCATGGAGTCCTGATAATAGCCCA AGTAGGAACCAGCTTAACATGAGGGGACAACAACAACAAGCATCAAGGAAACATGATTCT TCTACTCATCCATATTGGAACCAAAACAAAAGATGGCGTTAA
Protein Translation:
MDAFKEEIEIGSSVESLMELLDSQKVLFHSQIDQLQDVVVAQCKLTGVNPLAQEMAAGAL SIKIGKRPRDLLNPKAVKYLQAVFAIKDAISKRESREISALFGITVAQVREFFVTQKTRV RKQVRLSREKVVMSNTHALQDDGVPENNNATNHVEPVPLNSIHPEACSISWGEGETVALI PPEDIPPDISDSDKYFVENIFSLLRKEETFSGQVKLMEWIMQIQDASVLIWFLSKGGVLI LTTWLSQAASEEQTSVLLLILKVLCHLPLHKASPENMSAILQSVNGLRFYRISDISNRAK GLLSRWTKLFAKIQAMKKQNRNSSQIDSQSQLLLKQSIAEIMGDSSNPEDILSLSNGKSE NVRRIESSQGPKLLLTSADDSTKKHMLGSNPSYNKERRKVQMVEQPGQKAAGKSPQTVRI GTSGRSRPMSADDIQKAKMRALYMQSKNSKKDPLPSAIGDSKIVAPEKPLALHSAKDSPP IQNNEAKTEDTPVLSTVQPVNGFSTIQPVNGPSAVQPVNGPLAVQPVNGPSALQPVNGPS AVIVPVQADEIKKPSTPPKSISSKVGVMMKMSSQTILKNCKRKQIDWHVPPGMELDELWR VAAGGNSKEADVQRNRNRRERETTYQSLQTIPLNPKEPWDREMDYDDSLTPEIPSQQPPE ESLTEPQDSLDERRIAAGAATTSSSLSSPEPDLELLAALLKNPDLVYALTSGKPSNLAGQ DMVKLLDVIKTGAPNSSSSSNKQVEERVEVSLPSPTPSTNPGMSGWGQEGIRNPFSRQNQ VGTAVARSGTQLRVGSMQWHQTNEQSIPRHAPSAYSNSITLAHTEREQQQYMQPKLHHNL HFQQQQQQPISTTSYAVREPVGQMGTGTSSSWRSQQSQNSYYSHQENEIASASQVTSYQG NSQYMSSNPGYESWSPDNSPSRNQLNMRGQQQQASRKHDSSTHPYWNQNKRWR*
Protein motifs:
There are a number of interesting features to the LD protein sequence: a putative ATP/GTP-binding (P-loop) motif, two putative bipartite nuclear localization signals, a glutamine-rich domain (found in several transcription factors), five tandem copies of a nonapeptide repeat, and a putative homeodomain. Please see the article by Lee, et al. for a discussion of these motifs.
P-loop: 407 GQKAAGKS 414
NLS1: 383 KKxxxxxxxxxxKERRK 399
NLS2: 936 RKxxxxxxxxxxxxKRWR 953
glutamine-rich domain: 828 to 933
nonapeptide repeat: 494 VQPVNGFST
IQPVNGPSA
VQPVNGPLA
VQPVNGPSA
LQPVNGPSA 541
putative homeodomain: 65 GKRPRDLLNPKAVKYLQAVFAIKDAISKRE
SREISALFGITVAQVREFFVTQKTRVRKQV 124
written 12 Aug 97
updated 10 Oct 97
updated 16 Oct 97
updated 17 Oct 97
updated 19 Jun 98
Larry Parnell